ISO 11508 pdf download.Soil quality — Determination of particle density
1 Scope
This International Standard describes two methods for the determination of particle density of soils calculated from the mass and the volume of soil particles. The first method (4.1 ) is applicable to fine soil (< 2 mm diameter) and the second method (4.2) is applicable to both porous and nonporous gravel and stones (> 2 mm diameter). The particle density may be used for the calculation of the proportion of solids and of the porosity of soil layers in combination with the procedure given in ISO 1 1 272.
2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 565:1 990, Test sieves — Metal wire cloth, perforated metal plate and electroformed sheet — Nominal sizes of openings. ISO 1 0381 -1 :— 1 ) , Soil quality — Sampling — Part 1 : Guidance on the design of sampling programmes. ISO 1 1 272:— 1 ) , Soil quality — Determination of dry bulk density. ISO 1 1 461 :— 1 ) , Soil quality — Determination of soil water content on a volume basis — Gravimetric method.
3 Definition
For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definition applies. 3.1 particle density: Ratio of the total mass of oven-dry solid particles (minerals, organic matter) to the volume of these particles. NOTE 1 The volume comprises internal pores of soil particles but pore spaces between particles are excluded. NOTE 2 The preferred SI unit of measurement is kilograms per cubic metre (kg • m –3 ) but grams per cubic centimetre (g • cm –3 )
4 Procedure
4.1 Fine soil (< 2 mm diameter) 4.1.1 Principle The mass of a portion of soil is determined by weighing. The volume of the soil is calculated from the mass and the density of water displaced by the sample in a pyknometer. 4.1.2 Apparatus 4.1.2.1 Pyknometer (20 cm 3 to 50 cm 3 ): a glass flask fitted with a ground-glass stopper which is pierced lengthways by a capillary opening, and which has a built-in thermometer. 4.1.2.2 Vacuum desiccator. 4.1.2.3 Laboratory balance, capable of weighing to an accuracy of 0,1 mg. 4.1.2.4 Sieve, conforming to ISO 565, aperture size 2 mm. 4.1.3 Sampling For general information on sampling soils, reference shall be made to ISO 1 0381 -1 . Take a disturbed representative sample from the soil, pass it through a sieve (4.1 .2.4) and dry it at room temperature. Determine the reference water content, w , of the air-dried soil in a subsample in accordance with ISO 1 1 461 . 4.1.4 Density determination Weigh a clean, dry pyknometer in air (m 0 ). Add 1 0 g to 25 g of air-dried soil (4.1 .3) and weigh the pyknometer with the soil (m s ). Add distilled water to the pyknometer to approximately the half-full mark.Wet and then de-aerate the soil sample in the pyknometer in a vacuum desiccator until there is no further escape of air. Fill the pyknometer completely with distilled, boiled and cooled (de-aerated) water in a weighing room maintained at constant temperature, and insert the stopper so that no air bubbles remain under the stopper and the capillary tube in the stopper is completely filled with water (hold the pyknometer at the neck only during this operation). Then carefully dry the pyknometer without warming it, using filter paper, and weigh it (m sw ). During the procedure, take care to ensure that the capillary tube remains filled with water, and that the temperature does not change. After weighing, read the temperature of the water to the nearest 0,1 °C and determine its density (r w ) from table 1 .